Completed Research · Statistics Other

COVID-19 Impact
on Frontline Workers

A statistical research study analyzing how the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted
the work-life balance of frontline workers — doctors, nurses, police, and
Anganwadi teachers — across Mysore and Mandya districts.

Status
Completed · 2022
Type
Research · Survey · Statistical Analysis
Institution
PES College of Engineering, Mandya
Stack
SPSS · Chi-square · ANOVA · Regression
Domain
Public Health · Occupational Wellbeing
Category
Final Year Engineering Project
🎓
Final Year B.E. Project — Mechanical Engineering

This project was submitted as Phase 2 of the final year project at PESCE Mandya, under the guidance of Dr. Rudresh Addamani, Associate Professor & HOD, Department of Mechanical Engineering. Survey conducted across government hospitals and police stations in Mysore and Mandya.

477
Responses Collected
62%
Unbalanced Work-Life
66%
Job Dissatisfaction
4
Frontline Groups

Frontline workers bore the invisible cost.

The COVID-19 pandemic placed extraordinary pressure on frontline workers — not just physically, but psychologically. While the world stayed home, doctors, nurses, police officers, and Anganwadi teachers continued working, often without adequate PPE, clear guidelines, or organizational support.

Work-life balance (WLB) — defined by Greenhause (2002) as satisfaction and good functioning at work and at home with minimum role conflict — became nearly impossible to achieve. Heavy workloads, fear of infecting family members, staff shortages, and absence of mental health support created a compounding crisis that rarely made headlines.

📌 Why this study matters

Understanding the WLB disruption of frontline workers is not just academic — it directly informs how organizations, governments, and healthcare systems must prepare for future pandemics. Without institutional reform, the same collapse in worker wellbeing will repeat.


Four frontline professions studied

Occupation Target Approached Responses WLB Balanced
Doctors 250 209 187 82 / 187
Nurses 150 144 121 38 / 121
Police 150 139 106 47 / 106
Anganwadi Teachers 100 80 63 12 / 63
Total 650 572 477 179 / 477

Geographic focus: government hospitals, police stations, and Anganwadi centres across Mysore and Mandya districts, Karnataka.


How the study was designed

A structured 20-question questionnaire was designed across 11 WLB factors. Questions used a 5-point Likert scale (1 = Extremely Poor → 5 = Excellent). Section 1 captured demographic data; Section 2 captured ordinal WLB experience data during COVID-19.

01
Problem Identification & Literature Survey

Reviewed 23 published papers on COVID-19's psychological impact, WLB disruption, and frontline worker experiences across India, UK, Spain, Italy, and China.

SAGE Journals EMBASE Google Scholar
02
Questionnaire Design — 11 WLB Factors

WLB Policies · Team & Org Support · Work Load · Job Stress · Flexibility · Working Hours · Family Support · Healthcare · Media Opinions · Job Satisfaction · Work Commitment

20 Questions 5-Point Likert Cross-sectional
03
Survey — 477 Valid Responses

Data collected via social media and in-person at government hospitals and police stations in Mysore and Mandya. 572 approached; 477 complete, valid responses retained.

Snowball Sampling Cross-sectional Study
04
Statistical Analysis — 6 Methods

Descriptive Statistics · Percentage Analysis · Multiple Linear Regression · Logistic Regression · Chi-Square Test of Independence · Mann-Whitney U Test · One-Way ANOVA

SPSS Backward Entry Regression Welch ANOVA
05
Analysis & Conclusion

Results analyzed across gender, age group, and occupation. Regression models identified the four most significant factors driving work commitment and WLB outcomes.

p-value < 0.05 threshold Hypothesis Testing

What the data revealed

Work-Life Balance Outcomes

Unbalanced WLB
62.47%
Job Dissatisfaction
66.03%
Not Work-Committed
60.58%
Female respondents
51.57%
👨‍👩‍👧
Family Support — Biggest Driver

Across both multiple regression and logistic regression models, family support emerged as the single largest contributor to work commitment (coefficient: 0.958 in logistic model).

⏱️
Working Hours — Critical Factor

Extended working hours during the pandemic significantly impacted WLB. Regression confirmed working hours as one of the top 4 independent factors affecting work commitment.

🧠
Gender Significantly Predicts WLB

Chi-square tests confirmed gender has a statistically significant relationship with WLB (p = 4.2×10⁻⁶), job satisfaction (p = 0.0007), and work commitment (p = 0.0004).

🏥
Occupation vs. Job Satisfaction — No Link

Surprisingly, chi-square showed no statistically significant relationship between occupation type and job satisfaction (p = 0.087 > 0.05) — dissatisfaction was universal across roles.

📊
ANOVA — WLB Differs by Occupation

Welch ANOVA confirmed significant WLB difference across the 4 groups (F = 6.739, p < 0.001). Anganwadi teachers had the lowest WLB mean (0.190) vs. Police (0.443).

🔬
Org Support — Top Regression Factor

Team and organizational support was one of the 4 final factors in both regression models. Organizations that provided structured support saw better WLB outcomes.

⚙️ The domain-aware insight

The four factors that mattered most — family support, working hours, job stress, and team/organizational support — are all controllable through policy. This study provides actionable levers for healthcare administrators and policymakers to improve frontline resilience before the next crisis.


How the models work

Two regression models were built using backward elimination — starting with 9 independent WLB factors and reducing to only statistically significant predictors.

Model Outcome Variable Final Factors (p < 0.05) Method
Model 1 Work Commitment Family Support · Working Hours · Job Stress · Org Support Multiple Linear Regression (Backward)
Model 2 WLB (Balanced/Not) Team Support · Workload · Job Stress · Family Support · Healthcare Logistic Regression (Backward)

Final multiple regression equation for Work Commitment:

Y = 0.458·F3 + 0.182·F4 + 0.168·F5 + 0.202·F8 + 0.095

F3 = Family Support  ·  F4 = Working Hours  ·  F5 = Job Stress  ·  F8 = Org Support


Research value + real impact

Policy Signal
62.47% WLB imbalance is not anecdotal — it is statistically validated across 477 frontline workers. Governments and hospitals cannot ignore this data.
Gender Gap
Female frontline workers showed significantly worse WLB outcomes. 178 of 246 female respondents were dissatisfied — pointing to systemic inequality in burden distribution.
Actionable Levers
Family support and organizational backing are both policy-addressable. Flexible shifts, mental health programs, and childcare support can directly move these numbers.
Pandemic Readiness
60.58% of workers showed reduced work commitment — a dangerous metric for future pandemics. Institutional reform is not optional; it is a public health imperative.
Domain Fit
This project demonstrates comfort with structured data collection, hypothesis-driven analysis, multivariate statistics, and translating findings into real-world recommendations.

What was used

SPSS Descriptive Statistics Percentage Analysis Multiple Linear Regression Logistic Regression Chi-Square Test Mann-Whitney U Test One-Way ANOVA (Welch) Levene's Test 5-Point Likert Scale Cross-sectional Study Snowball Sampling